Spring BeanPostProcessor接口

尸酒岐 · 2025-11-13 21:35:02

[[Spring IOC 源码学习总笔记]]
BeanPostProcessor

BeanPostProcessor是 Spring 框架提供的一个扩展点接口，它允许开发者在 Spring 容器完成 Bean 的实例化、依赖注入之后，在初始化阶段的前后“拦截”并自定义 Bean 的逻辑。

package org.springframework.beans.factory.config;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
public interface BeanPostProcessor {
/**
* Apply this {@code BeanPostProcessor} to the given new bean instance before any bean
* initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet}
* or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.
* The returned bean instance may be a wrapper around the original.
* The default implementation returns the given {@code bean} as-is.
*
*这个是在 Bean 实例化并且填充属性之后调用，但是 Bean 中一些生命周期方法如 InitializingBean 接口的
* afterPropertiesSet 方法、自定义的 init-method 方法等都尚未执行，在这些方法执行之前触发 postProcessBeforeInitialization 方法。
*
* @param bean the new bean instance
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @return the bean instance to use, either the original or a wrapped one;
* if {@code null}, no subsequent BeanPostProcessors will be invoked
* @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
* @see org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet
*/
@Nullable
default Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
return bean;
}
/**
* Apply this {@code BeanPostProcessor} to the given new bean instance after any bean
* initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet}
* or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.
* The returned bean instance may be a wrapper around the original.
* In case of a FactoryBean, this callback will be invoked for both the FactoryBean
* instance and the objects created by the FactoryBean (as of Spring 2.0). The
* post-processor can decide whether to apply to either the FactoryBean or created
* objects or both through corresponding {@code bean instanceof FactoryBean} checks.
* This callback will also be invoked after a short-circuiting triggered by a
* {@link InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessBeforeInstantiation} method,
* in contrast to all other {@code BeanPostProcessor} callbacks.
* The default implementation returns the given {@code bean} as-is.
*
* 在 InitializingBean 接口的 afterPropertiesSet 和自定义的 init-method 之后触发该方法。
*
* @param bean the new bean instance
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @return the bean instance to use, either the original or a wrapped one;
* if {@code null}, no subsequent BeanPostProcessors will be invoked
* @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
* @see org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet
* @see org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean
*/
@Nullable
default Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
return bean;
}
}

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接口中的两个方法都要将传入的 bean 返回，而不能返回 null，如果返回的是 null 那么我们通过 getBean() 方法将得不到目标对象。
可见：org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization 的源码调用逻辑

@Deprecated(since = "6.1")
@Override
public Object applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(Object existingBean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
Object result = existingBean;
for (BeanPostProcessor processor : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
Object current = processor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(result, beanName);
if (current == null) {
return result;
}
result = current;
}
return result;
}

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org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization

@Deprecated(since = "6.1")
@Override
public Object applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(Object existingBean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
Object result = existingBean;
for (BeanPostProcessor processor : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
Object current = processor.postProcessAfterInitialization(result, beanName);
if (current == null) {
return result;
}
result = current;
}
return result;
}

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BeanPostProcessor 的子接口

另外 BeanPostProcessor 粗粒度太大, Spring 还细分一些子接口:

AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor

@Autowired、@Inject 等就是根据这个回调来实现最终注入依赖的属性的。

public interface InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor extends BeanPostProcessor {
// BeanPostProcessor 接口方法
@Nullable
default Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
return null;
}
// BeanPostProcessor 接口方法
default boolean postProcessAfterInstantiation(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
return true;
}
/**
* Post-process the given property values before the factory applies them
* to the given bean.
* The default implementation returns the given {@code pvs} as-is.
*
* 将给定的属性值应用到指定的bean之前进行回调
* 可以用来检查和修改属性，最终返回的PropertyValues会应用到bean中
* `@Autowired、@Resource` 在Spring中就是根据这个回调来实现最终注入依赖的属性的
*
* @param pvs the property values that the factory is about to apply (never {@code null})
* @param bean the bean instance created, but whose properties have not yet been set
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @return the actual property values to apply to the given bean (can be the passed-in
* PropertyValues instance), or {@code null} to skip property population
* @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
* @since 5.1
*/
@Nullable
default PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
return pvs;
}
}

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postProcessProperties 在哪里调用呢?
相关源码

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#populateBean 填充Bean属性方法

/**
* Populate the bean instance in the given BeanWrapper with the property values
* from the bean definition.
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @param mbd the bean definition for the bean
* @param bw the BeanWrapper with bean instance
*/
protected void populateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable BeanWrapper bw) {
// 验证一下入参
if (bw == null) {
if (mbd.hasPropertyValues()) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Cannot apply property values to null instance");
}
else {
// Skip property population phase for null instance.
return;
}
}
if (bw.getWrappedClass().isRecord()) {
if (mbd.hasPropertyValues()) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Cannot apply property values to a record");
}
else {
// Skip property population phase for records since they are immutable.
return;
}
}
// Give any InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors the opportunity to modify the
// state of the bean before properties are set. This can be used, for example,
// to support styles of field injection.
/**
* 如果是AOP, pointcut, advice相关的, synthetic 会配置为 true
*/
if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
for (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessorCache().instantiationAware) {
if (!bp.postProcessAfterInstantiation(bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName)) {
return;
}
}
}
/**
* 包含一个或多个{@link PropertyValue}对象的Holder，通常针对特定目标bean的一次更新
* 可以理解为: 该bean所有属性的描述
*/
PropertyValues pvs = (mbd.hasPropertyValues() ? mbd.getPropertyValues() : null);
/**
* 获取自动注入的方式
*/
int resolvedAutowireMode = mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode();
if (resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME || resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
/**
* 该分支处理通过名称或者类型注入的属性
* (有注解才会走这个分支)
* ===============================
*/
MutablePropertyValues newPvs = new MutablePropertyValues(pvs);
// Add property values based on autowire by name if applicable.
if (resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME) {
/**
* 通过名称注入
*/
autowireByName(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
}
// Add property values based on autowire by type if applicable.
if (resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
/**
* 通过类型注入
*/
autowireByType(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
}
pvs = newPvs;
}
/**
* <!> 回调所有 InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessProperties 方法
* 比如, `@Autowired` 的处理对应实现类: {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor}
* (作用是: 在工厂将属性值应用到给定bean之前，对它们进行处理)
*
*/
if (hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
if (pvs == null) {
pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();
}
// <!> 回调InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessProperties 方法
for (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessorCache().instantiationAware) {
PropertyValues pvsToUse = bp.postProcessProperties(pvs, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
if (pvsToUse == null) {
return;
}
pvs = pvsToUse;
}
}
....

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回调InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessProperties 方法

后面注入在: org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#postProcessProperties

@Override
public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) {
InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
try {
// 注入
metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
}
catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);
}
return pvs;
}

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InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor & SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor

SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 它提供了更高级的Bean实例化控制方法。主要作用在于允许对Bean的实例化过程进行更精细的控制和定制。

public interface SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor extends InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor {
//用来返回目标对象的类型（比如代理对象通过raw class获取proxy type 用于类型匹配）
@Nullable
default Class<?> predictBeanType(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
return null;
}
//这里提供一个拓展点用来解析获取用来实例化的构造器（比如未通过bean定义构造器以及参数的情况下，会根据这个回调来确定构造器）
@Nullable
default Constructor<?>[] determineCandidateConstructors(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
return null;
}
//获取要提前暴露的bean的引用，用来支持单例对象的循环引用（一般是bean自身，如果是代理对象则需要取用代理引用）
default Object getEarlyBeanReference(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
return bean;
}
}

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相关源码

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#createBean(java.lang.String, org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition, java.lang.Object[])

@Override
protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
RootBeanDefinition mbdToUse = mbd;
/**
* 1. 解析到 BeanDefinition 的 Class
*/
Class<?> resolvedClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
/**
* 2. 创建BeanDefinition 复制一份 RootBeanDefinition
*/
if (resolvedClass != null && !mbd.hasBeanClass() && mbd.getBeanClassName() != null) {
mbdToUse = new RootBeanDefinition(mbd);
mbdToUse.setBeanClass(resolvedClass);
}
// Prepare method overrides.
try {
/**
* 3. 准备和验证 lookup-method 和 replace-method;
* 注意: 这里只是标记, 真正处理是在实例化时, 选择策略生成一个CgLib的代理对象 {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.support.CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy}
* 关于它们的作用见笔记 [[Spring lookup-method 和 replace-method.md]]
*/
mbdToUse.prepareMethodOverrides();
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(),
beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex);
}
try {
/**
* 给 BeanPostProcessors 一个返回代理实例的机会;
* 注意, 这里的逻辑:
* 如果其 BeanPostProcessors的子接口返回不为null, 则直接使用这个bean实例返回了, 不走 doCreateBean流程了
* (注意的注意! 如果有用户自定义的拦截创建, 甚至优先Spring的AOP代理创建)
*/
Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);
if (bean != null) {
return bean;
}
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
}

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org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#resolveBeforeInstantiation

protected Object resolveBeforeInstantiation(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
Object bean = null;
if (!Boolean.FALSE.equals(mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved)) {
// Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.
// 如果是合成的(mbd是AOP的时候,为true)并且实现 InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 接口
if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
Class<?> targetType = determineTargetType(beanName, mbd);
if (targetType != null) {
// 使用 InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor接口生成的 bean 返回
bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation(targetType, beanName);
if (bean != null) {
bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(bean, beanName);
}
}
}
mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved = (bean != null);
}
return bean;
}

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DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessor

DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessor 它允许在Bean被销毁之前（例如，容器关闭或特定作用域的Bean销毁）执行一些操作。
org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessor

public interface DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessor extends BeanPostProcessor {
//这里实现销毁对象的逻辑
void postProcessBeforeDestruction(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;
//判断是否需要处理这个对象的销毁
default boolean requiresDestruction(Object bean) {
return true;
}
}

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MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor

MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor 算是整个 BeanPostProcessor 家族中比较另类的一个接口了，它虽然是 BeanPostProcessor，但是却可以处理 BeanDefinition。
MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor 介入的时机就是 Bean 创建成功之后，Bean 中各个属性填充之前。
相关源码

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#doCreateBean

protected Object doCreateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
// Instantiate the bean.
BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
}
if (instanceWrapper == null) {
/**
* 1. 真正在jvm层面实例化对象;
* 1.1 如果该 BeanDefinition 有配置 instanceSupplier属性(java.util.function.Supplier),
* 将使用其Supplier#get方法的返回, 作为实例对象
* 1.2 如果该 BeanDefinition 有配置 factory-method 将使用该方法返回的, 作为实例对象
* 这里这里包括'静态工厂'和'实例工厂'的处理(通过bd的factoryBeanName 进行判断, 如果存在则是'实例工厂')
* 1.3 使用反射实例化, 根据策略实例化Bean对象 {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy}
* - 使用有参构造函数注入,创建 (new)
* - 使用无参构造函数创建 (new)
* - 工厂方法实例化 ('静态工厂' '实例工厂' )
* `<bean factory-bean="bookFactoryBean" factory-method="getBook()"/>`
* 静态工厂: factory-bean 若是全限定类名则使用 BookFactoryBean::getBook 的静态方法返回的对象
* 实例工厂: factory-bean 若是 bean 名则使用该实例方法返回的对象
* {@link AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#createBeanInstance(java.lang.String, org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition, java.lang.Object[])}
* 2. 用BeanWrapper 包装原始bean (装饰模式)
* {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#instantiateBean(java.lang.String, org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition)}
*
*/
instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
}
/**
* 获取 BeanWrapper中的原始 Bean 实例
*/
Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
/**
* 获取Bean Class类型
*/
Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
}
// Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
try {
/**
* 实例化完了, 处理 MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor 的接口回调
*/
applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
}
mbd.markAsPostProcessed();
}
}
// Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
// even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
}
addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
}
// Initialize the bean instance.
Object exposedObject = bean;
try {
/**
* 填充属性
*/
populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
}
.....

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处理 init-method, @PostConstruct, @PreDestroy

对应子类 org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor

注意: 这里只是查询到封装为元信息保存到 BeanDefinition, 还不会调用
org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#findLifecycleMetadata(org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition, java.lang.Class)

private LifecycleMetadata findLifecycleMetadata(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, Class<?> beanClass) {
/**
查找相应的注解方法信息, 封装为 LifecycleMetadata 元数据(使用集合存起来包含: initMethods 列表,destroyMethods列表...)
*/
LifecycleMetadata metadata = findLifecycleMetadata(beanClass);
/**
再将这些 LifecycleMetadata 元数据, 注册(修改)到 BeanDefinition 中
beanDefinition.registerExternallyManagedInitMethod(methodIdentifier);
beanDefinition.registerExternallyManagedDestroyMethod(methodIdentifier);
**/
metadata.checkInitDestroyMethods(beanDefinition);
return metadata;
}

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处理 @Autowired

对应子类 org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor

注意: 这里只是查询到封装为元信息保存到 BeanDefinition, 还不会调用

雷同的逻辑
org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#findInjectionMetadata

private InjectionMetadata findInjectionMetadata(String beanName, Class<?> beanType, RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition) {
// 查找注解方法信息, 封装为元数据对象
InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, beanType, null);
// 注册(修改)到 BeanDefinition 中
metadata.checkConfigMembers(beanDefinition);
return metadata;
}

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湄圳啸 · 2025-11-19 23:46:31

喜欢鼓捣这些软件，现在用得少，谢谢分享！

任俊慧 · 7 天前

感谢发布原创作品，程序园因你更精彩

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