大纲
1.Netty实现HTTP服务器
2.Netty实现WebSocket
3.Netty实现的消息推送系统
(1)基于WebSocket的消息推送系统说明
(2)消息推送系统的PushServer
(3)消息推送系统的连接管理封装
(4)消息推送系统的ping-pong探测
(5)消息推送系统的全连接推送
(6)消息推送系统的HTTP响应和握手
(7)消息推送系统的运营客户端
(8)运营客户端连接PushServer
(9)运营客户端的Handler处理器
(10)运营客户端发送推送消息
(11)浏览器客户端接收推送消息
1.Netty实现HTTP服务器
(1)HTTP请求消息和响应消息
(2)Netty实现的HTTP协议栈的优势
(3)Netty实现的HTTP服务器
(4)请求的解析处理和响应的编码处理
(1)HTTP请求消息和响应消息
HTTP请求消息由三部分组成:请求行、请求头、请求体。HTTP响应消息也由三部分组成:响应行、响应头、响应体。
(2)Netty实现的HTTP协议栈的优势
Netty实现的HTTP协议栈无论在性能还是在可靠性上,都表现优异,非常适合在非Web容器下的场景使用。相比于传统的Tomcat、Jetty等Web容器,它更加轻量和小巧,灵活性和定制性也更好。
(3)Netty实现的HTTP服务器- public class NettyHttpServer {
- private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(NettyHttpServer.class);
- private static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 8998;
- private int port;
-
- public NettyHttpServer(int port) {
- this.port = port;
- }
- public void start() throws Exception {
- logger.info("Netty Http Server is starting.");
- EventLoopGroup bossEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
- EventLoopGroup workerEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
- try {
- ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
- serverBootstrap.group(bossEventLoopGroup, workerEventLoopGroup)
- .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
- .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
- @Override
- protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
- ch.pipeline()
- //数据进来是自上而下,数据回去时自下而上
- .addLast("http-decoder", new HttpRequestDecoder())
- .addLast("http-aggregator", new HttpObjectAggregator(65536))
- .addLast("http-encoder", new HttpResponseEncoder())
- .addLast("http-chunked", new ChunkedWriteHandler())
- .addLast("netty-http-server-handler", new NettyHttpServerHandler());
- }
- });
- ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(port).sync();
- logger.info("Netty Http Server is started, listened[" + port + "].");
- channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
- } finally {
- bossEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- workerEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- NettyHttpServer nettyHttpServer = new NettyHttpServer(DEFAULT_PORT);
- nettyHttpServer.start();
- }
- }
- public class NettyHttpServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<FullHttpRequest> {
- private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(NettyHttpServerHandler.class);
- protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request) throws Exception {
- logger.info(request);
- }
- }
复制代码 启动NettyHttpServer,然后在浏览器进行访问,就可以看到输出如下:- Netty Http Server is starting.
- Netty Http Server is started, listened[8998].
- HttpObjectAggregator$AggregatedFullHttpRequest(decodeResult: success, version: HTTP/1.1, content: CompositeByteBuf(ridx: 0, widx: 0, cap: 0, components=0))
- GET / HTTP/1.1
- Host: localhost:8998
- Connection: keep-alive
- sec-ch-ua: ".Not/A)Brand";v="99", "Google Chrome";v="103", "Chromium";v="103"
- sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
- sec-ch-ua-platform: "macOS"
- Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
- User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
- Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
- Sec-Fetch-Site: none
- Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
- Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
- Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
- Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
- Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,id;q=0.7,ar;q=0.6
- Cookie: _ga=GA1.1.629604539.1641093986
- content-length: 0
复制代码 (4)请求的解析处理和响应的编码处理
HTTP服务器最关键的就是请求的解析处理和响应的编码处理,比如会向ChannelPipeline中先后添加不同的解码器和编码器。
首先添加HTTP请求消息解码器HttpRequestDecoder,因为浏览器会把按照HTTP协议组织起来的请求数据序列化成字节数组发送给服务器,而HttpRequestDecoder可以按照HTTP协议从接收到的字节数组中读取出一个完整的请求数据。
然后添加HttpObjectAggregator解码器,它的作用是将多个消息转换为单一的FullHttpRequest或者FullHttpResponse。
接着添加HTTP响应消息编码器HttpResponseEncoder,它的作用是对HTTP响应消息进行编码。
以及添加ChunkedWriteHandler处理器,用来支持异步发送大的码流时也不会占用过多的内存,防止内存溢出。
最后添加NettyHttpServerHandler处理器,用于处理HTTP服务器的响应输出。- public class NettyHttpServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<FullHttpRequest> {
- private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(NettyHttpServerHandler.class);
- protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request) throws Exception {
- String method = request.getMethod().name();
- String uri = request.getUri();
- logger.info("Receives Http Request: " + method + " " + uri + ".");
- String html = "<html><body>Hello, I am Netty Http Server.</body></html>";
- ByteBuf byteBuf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(html, CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
- FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK);
- response.headers().set("content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
- response.content().writeBytes(byteBuf);
- byteBuf.release();
- ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
- }
- }
复制代码
2.Netty实现WebSocket
(1)HTTP协议的弊端
(2)消息推送之Ajax短轮询
(3)消息推送之WebSocket
(4)WebSocket连接的建立
(5)基于WebSocket协议开发NettyServer
(6)WebSocketServer的请求数据处理逻辑开发
(7)WebSocketServer的HTTP与chunk处理分析
(8)WebSocket网页客户端代码开发与实现
(1)HTTP协议的弊端
一.HTTP协议为半双工通信
半双工通信指数据可以在客户端和服务端两个方向传输,但是不能同时传输。它意味着同一时刻,只能有一个方向上的数据在进行传输。
二.HTTP消息冗长而繁琐
HTTP消息包含消息头、消息体、换行符等,通常情况下采用文本方式传输。相比于其他的二进制通信协议,冗长而繁琐。
(2)消息推送之Ajax短轮询
Ajax短轮询是基于HTTP短连接的。具体就是用一个定时器由浏览器对服务器发出HTTP请求,由服务器返回数据给客户端浏览器。
Ajax短轮询的代码实现简单。但由于HTTP请求的Header非常冗长,里面可用数据的比例非常低,所以比较占用带宽和服务器资源,且数据同步不及时。
(3)消息推送之WebSocket
WebSocket本质是一个TCP连接,采用的是全双工通信。
WebSocket中,浏览器和服务器只需要做一个握手动作,两者之间就会形成一条快速通道进行直接数据传输。由于WebSocket基于TCP双向全双工进行消息传递,所以在同一时刻既可以发送消息,也可以接收消息,比HTTP半双工性能好。
WebSocket通过ping/pong帧来保持链路激活,实时性很高,但是浏览器支持度低、代码实现复杂。
(4)WebSocket连接的建立
建立WebSocket连接时,需要通过客户端或者浏览器发出握手请求,这个握手请求是一个HTTP请求。该HTTP请求包含了附加头信息"Upgrade:WebSocket",表明这是一个申请协议升级的HTTP请求。
服务端解析这些附加的头信息,然后生成应答信息返回给客户端。这样客户端和服务端的WebSocket连接就建立起来了,双方可以通过这个连接通道自由地传递信息,并且这个连接会持续存在直到一方主动关闭连接。
(5)基于WebSocket协议开发NettyServer
可以基于TCP协议用Netty来开发客户端和服务端进行相互通信,但粘包半包问题需要手动进行处理。
可以基于HTTP协议用Netty来开发一个HTTP服务器,服务器接收浏览器发送过来的HTTP请求后,返回HTTP响应回浏览器。
也可以基于WebSocket协议来开发一个Netty服务器,此时前端HTML代码会基于socket协议和Netty服务器建立长连接。这样Netty服务器就可以和浏览器里运行的HTML通过WebSocket协议建立长连接,从而使得Netty服务器可以主动推送数据给浏览器里的HTML页面。
WebSocket协议底层也是基于TCP协议来实现的,只不过是在TCP协议的基础上封装了一层更高层次的WebSocket协议。- public class NettyWebSocketServer {
- private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(NettyWebSocketServer.class);
- private static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 8998;
- private int port;
-
- public NettyWebSocketServer(int port) {
- this.port = port;
- }
-
- public void start() throws Exception {
- logger.info("Netty WebSocket Server is starting.");
- EventLoopGroup bossEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
- EventLoopGroup workerEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
- try {
- ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
- serverBootstrap.group(bossEventLoopGroup, workerEventLoopGroup)
- .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
- .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
- protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
- ch.pipeline()
- .addLast(new HttpServerCodec())
- .addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler())
- .addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1024 * 32))
- .addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/websocket"))
- .addLast("netty-web-socket-server-handler", new NettyWebSocketServerHandler());
- }
- });
- ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(port).sync();
- logger.info("Netty WebSocket Server server is started, listened[" + port + "].");
- channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
- } finally {
- bossEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- workerEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- }
- }
-
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- NettyWebSocketServer nettyHttpServer = new NettyWebSocketServer(DEFAULT_PORT);
- nettyHttpServer.start();
- }
- }
复制代码 (6)WebSocketServer的请求数据处理逻辑开发- public class NettyWebSocketServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {
- private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(NettyWebSocketServerHandler.class);
- private static ChannelGroup webSocketClients = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
-
- protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
- //WebSocket网页代码里发送过来的数据
- String request = msg.text();
- logger.info("Netty Server receives request: " + request + ".");
- TextWebSocketFrame response = new TextWebSocketFrame("Hello, I am Netty Server.");
- ctx.writeAndFlush(response);
- }
-
- //如果一个网页WebSocket客户端跟Netty Server建立了连接之后,会触发这个方法
- @Override
- public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- webSocketClients.add(ctx.channel());
- }
-
- @Override
- public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- logger.info("websocket client is closed, channel id: " + ctx.channel().id().asLongText() + "[" + ctx.channel().id().asShortText() + "]");
- }
- }
复制代码 (7)WebSocketServer的HTTP与chunk处理分析
浏览器里面运行的是HTML网页代码,WebSocket就是在HTML网页代码里嵌入WebSocket代码,可以让浏览器里的HTML网页代码跟NettyServer建立连接,并且是基于长连接发送数据。
浏览器会按照WebSocket协议(底层基于HTTP协议)组织请求数据格式,然后把数据序列化成字节数组,接着通过网络连接把字节数组传输发送给NettyServer,NettyServer会通过数据处理链条来进行处理接收到的字节数组数据。- protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
- ch.pipeline()
- //浏览器的字节数组数据进来以后,字节数组数据先用http协议来处理,把字节数组转换为一个HttpRequest请求对象
- //最后数据返回给浏览器前,又会对HttpResponse对象进行编码成字节数组
- .addLast(new HttpServerCodec())
- //chunked write用于大量数据流时的分chunk块,也就是数据实在是太大了就必须得分chunk
- //大量数据流进来时,可以分chunk块来读;大量数据流出去时,可以分chunk块来写;
- .addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler())
- //如果想要让很多http不要拆分成很多段过来,可以把完整的请求数据聚合到一起再给过来
- .addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1024 * 32))
- //基于前面已经转换好的请求数据对象,会在这里基于WebSocket协议再次做一个处理
- //由于传输时是基于http协议传输过来的,而封装的内容是按webSocket协议来封装的http请求数据
- //所以必须在这里提取http请求里面的数据,然后按照WebSocket协议来进行解析处理,把数据提取出来作为WebSocket的数据片段
- .addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/websocket"))
- //响应数据输出时,顺序是反的,第一步原始数据必须先经过WebSocket协议转换
- //WebSocket协议数据,必须经过HTTP协议处理,但最终会encode编码成一个HTTP协议的响应数据
- //然后服务端将HTTP响应数据序列化的字节数组,传输给浏览器
- //浏览器拿到字节数组后进行反序列化,拿到一个HTTP协议响应数据,提取出内容再按照WebSocket协议来处理
- //最终把普通的数据给WebSocket代码
- .addLast("netty-web-socket-server-handler", new NettyWebSocketServerHandler());
- }
复制代码 (8)WebSocket网页客户端代码开发与实现- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <html lang="en">
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
- <title>websocket网页</title>
- </head>
- <body onload="connectServer();">
-
- </body>
- </html>
复制代码 启动Netty Server,然后打开该HTML即可看到console的输出。
WebSocket和Netty Server配合起来开发说明:
如果Server端要主动推送一些通知(push)给网页端正在浏览网页的用户,如推送用户可能感兴趣的商品、关注的新闻。那么在用户进入网页后可以询问用户,是否愿意收到服务端发送的xx提示和通知。如果用户愿意,那么网页里的WebSocket完全可以跟NettyServer构建一个长连接。这样NettyServer在必要时,就可以反向推送通知(push)给用户,浏览器里的网页可能会弹出一个push通知用户xx讯息。
3.Netty实现的消息推送系统
(1)基于WebSocket的消息推送系统说明
(2)消息推送系统的PushServer
(3)消息推送系统的连接管理封装
(4)消息推送系统的ping-pong探测
(5)消息推送系统的全连接推送
(6)消息推送系统的HTTP响应和握手
(7)消息推送系统的运营客户端
(8)运营客户端连接PushServer
(9)运营客户端的Handler处理器
(10)运营客户端发送推送消息
(11)浏览器客户端接收推送消息
(1)基于WebSocket的消息推送系统说明
首先需要一个运营系统能够基于NettyClient和PushServer建立WebSocket长连接,然后浏览器客户端也要和PushServer建立好WebSocket长连接,接着运营系统会让NettyClient发送Push推送消息给PushServer,最后PushServer再把推送消息发送给浏览器客户端。
首先启动PushServer,然后打开多个网页客户端查看console,接着启动运营客系统在控制台输入消息,这样就可以完成一个完整的消息推送的交互了。
(2)消息推送系统的PushServer- public class NettyPushServer {
- private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(NettyPushServer.class);
- private static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 8998;
- private int port;
-
- public NettyPushServer(int port) {
- this.port = port;
- }
-
- public void start() throws Exception {
- logger.info("Netty Push Server is starting.");
- EventLoopGroup bossEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
- EventLoopGroup workerEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
- try {
- ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
- serverBootstrap.group(bossEventLoopGroup, workerEventLoopGroup)
- .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
- .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
- protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
- ch.pipeline()
- .addLast("logging", new LoggingHandler("DEBUG"))
- .addLast("http-codec", new HttpServerCodec())
- .addLast("aggregator", new HttpObjectAggregator(65536))
- .addLast("http-chunked", new ChunkedWriteHandler())
- .addLast("netty-push-server-handler", new NettyPushServerHandler());
- }
- });
- ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(port).sync();
- logger.info("Netty Push Server is started, listened[" + port + "].");
- channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
- } finally {
- bossEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- workerEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- NettyPushServer nettyHttpServer = new NettyPushServer(DEFAULT_PORT);
- nettyHttpServer.start();
- }
- }
- public class NettyPushServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {
- private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(NettyPushServerHandler.class);
-
- @Override
- public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- logger.info("Client Connection Established: " + ctx.channel());
- }
-
- @Override
- public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- logger.info("Client Disconnected: " + ctx.channel());
- }
-
- @Override
- protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
- if (msg instanceof FullHttpRequest) {
- handleHttpRequest(ctx, (FullHttpRequest) msg);
- } else if(msg instanceof WebSocketFrame) {
- handleWebSocketFrame(ctx, (WebSocketFrame) msg);
- }
- }
-
- @Override
- public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- ctx.flush();
- }
-
- private void handleWebSocketFrame(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, WebSocketFrame webSocketFrame) {
- }
-
- private void handleHttpRequest(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request) {
- }
- }
复制代码 (3)消息推送系统的连接管理封装- //用来管理连接
- public class ChannelManager {
- private static ChannelGroup channelGroup = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
- private static ConcurrentHashMap<String, ChannelId> channelIds = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, ChannelId>();
-
- public static void add(Channel channel) {
- channelGroup.add(channel);
- channelIds.put(channel.id().asShortText(), channel.id());
- }
-
- public static void remove(Channel channel) {
- channelGroup.remove(channel);
- channelIds.remove(channel.id().asShortText());
- }
-
- public static Channel get(String id) {
- return channelGroup.find(channelIds.get(id));
- }
-
- public static void pushToAllChannels(TextWebSocketFrame webSocketFrame) {
- channelGroup.writeAndFlush(webSocketFrame);
- }
- }
- public class NettyPushServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {
- ...
- @Override
- public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- logger.info("Client Connection Established: " + ctx.channel());
- ChannelManager.add(ctx.channel());
- }
- @Override
- public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- logger.info("Client Disconnected: " + ctx.channel());
- ChannelManager.remove(ctx.channel());
- }
- ...
- }
复制代码 (4)消息推送系统的ping-pong探测- public class NettyPushServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {
- ...
- private WebSocketServerHandshaker webSocketServerHandshaker;
- ...
- protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
- if (msg instanceof FullHttpRequest) {
- handleHttpRequest(ctx, (FullHttpRequest) msg);
- } else if(msg instanceof WebSocketFrame) {
- handleWebSocketFrame(ctx, (WebSocketFrame) msg);
- }
- }
-
- private void handleWebSocketFrame(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, WebSocketFrame webSocketFrame) {
- //WebSocket网页客户端发送的是ping消息,它会不停的ping服务端,看看长连接是否存活和有效
- if (webSocketFrame instanceof PingWebSocketFrame) {
- logger.info("Receive ping frame from client: " + ctx.channel());
- WebSocketFrame pongWebSocketFrame = new PongWebSocketFrame(webSocketFrame.content().retain());
- ctx.channel().write(pongWebSocketFrame);
- return;
- }
- //WebSocket网页客户端发送一个请求过来,请求关闭这个WebSocket连接
- if (webSocketFrame instanceof CloseWebSocketFrame) {
- logger.info("Receive close WebSocket request from client: " + ctx.channel());
- webSocketServerHandshaker.close(ctx.channel(), ((CloseWebSocketFrame) webSocketFrame).retain());
- return;
- }
- ...
- }
- ...
- }
复制代码 (5)消息推送系统的全连接推送- public class NettyPushServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {
- ...
- protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
- if (msg instanceof FullHttpRequest) {
- handleHttpRequest(ctx, (FullHttpRequest) msg);
- } else if(msg instanceof WebSocketFrame) {
- handleWebSocketFrame(ctx, (WebSocketFrame) msg);
- }
- }
-
- private void handleWebSocketFrame(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, WebSocketFrame webSocketFrame) {
- //WebSocket网页客户端发送的是ping消息,它会不停的ping服务端,看看长连接是否存活和有效
- if (webSocketFrame instanceof PingWebSocketFrame) {
- logger.info("Receive ping frame from client: " + ctx.channel());
- WebSocketFrame pongWebSocketFrame = new PongWebSocketFrame(webSocketFrame.content().retain());
- ctx.channel().write(pongWebSocketFrame);
- return;
- }
-
- //WebSocket网页客户端发送一个请求过来,请求关闭这个WebSocket连接
- if (webSocketFrame instanceof CloseWebSocketFrame) {
- logger.info("Receive close WebSocket request from client: " + ctx.channel());
- webSocketServerHandshaker.close(ctx.channel(), ((CloseWebSocketFrame) webSocketFrame).retain());
- return;
- }
-
- //WebSocket网页客户端发送请求,但它不是text文本请求
- if (!(webSocketFrame instanceof TextWebSocketFrame)) {
- logger.error("Netty Push Server only support text frame, does not support other type frame.");
- String errorMsg = String.format("%s type frame is not supported.", webSocketFrame.getClass().getName());
- throw new UnsupportedOperationException(errorMsg);
- }
-
- //WebSocket网页客户端发送一个文本请求过来,是TextFrame类型的
- String request = ((TextWebSocketFrame)webSocketFrame).text();
- logger.info("Receive text frame[" + request + "] from client: " + ctx.channel());
-
- //构建响应
- TextWebSocketFrame response = new TextWebSocketFrame(request);
- //发送给所有连接,全连接推送
- ChannelManager.pushToAllChannels(response);
- }
- ...
- }
复制代码 (6)消息推送系统的HTTP响应和握手- public class NettyPushServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {
- ...
- private void handleHttpRequest(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request) {
- if (!request.decoderResult().isSuccess() || (!"websocket".equals(request.headers().get("Upgrade")))) {
- DefaultFullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
- sendHttpResponse(ctx, request, response);
- return;
- }
- logger.info("Receive handshake request from client: " + ctx.channel());
-
- //握手建立
- WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory factory = new WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory("ws://localhost:8998/push", null, false);
- webSocketServerHandshaker = factory.newHandshaker(request);
- if (webSocketServerHandshaker == null) {
- WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory.sendUnsupportedVersionResponse(ctx.channel());
- } else {
- webSocketServerHandshaker.handshake(ctx.channel(), request);
- logger.info("Netty push server handshake with client: " + ctx.channel());
- }
- }
-
- //HTTP响应
- private void sendHttpResponse(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request, DefaultFullHttpResponse response) {
- if (response.status().code() != RESPONSE_CODE_OK) {
- ByteBuf byteBuf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(response.status().toString(), CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
- response.content().writeBytes(byteBuf);
- logger.info("Http Response is not ok: " + byteBuf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
- byteBuf.release();
- }
- ChannelFuture channelFuture = ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(response);
- if (response.status().code() != RESPONSE_CODE_OK) {
- channelFuture.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
- }
- }
- ...
- }
复制代码 (7)消息推送系统的运营客户端- public class OperationNettyClient {
- private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(OperationNettyClient.class);
- private static final String WEB_SOCKET_SCHEME = "ws";
- private static final String WSS_SCHEME = "wss";
- private static final String LOCAL_HOST = "127.0.0.1";
- private static final String PUSH_SERVER_URI = System.getProperty("url", "ws://127.0.0.1:8998/push");
-
- private static URI uri;
- private static String scheme;
- private static String host;
- private static int port;
- private static SslContext sslContext;
- private EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup;
- public void start() throws Exception {
- //...
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- uri = new URI(PUSH_SERVER_URI);
- scheme = getScheme(uri);
- host = getHost(uri);
- port = getPort(uri, scheme);
- checkScheme(scheme);
- initSslContext(scheme);
- }
-
- private static String getScheme(URI pushServerUri) {
- return pushServerUri.getScheme() == null ? WEB_SOCKET_SCHEME : pushServerUri.getScheme();
- }
-
- private static String getHost(URI pushServerUri) {
- return pushServerUri.getHost() == null ? LOCAL_HOST : pushServerUri.getHost();
- }
-
- private static int getPort(URI pushServerUri, String scheme) {
- int port;
- if (pushServerUri.getPort() == -1) {
- if (WEB_SOCKET_SCHEME.equals(scheme)) {
- port = 80;
- } else if(WSS_SCHEME.equals(scheme)) {
- port = 443;
- } else {
- port = -1;
- }
- } else {
- port = pushServerUri.getPort();
- }
- return port;
- }
-
- //检查scheme是否是ws或wss
- private static void checkScheme(String scheme) {
- if (!WEB_SOCKET_SCHEME.equals(scheme) && !WSS_SCHEME.equals(scheme)) {
- logger.error("Only Support ws or wss scheme.");
- throw new RuntimeException("Only Support ws or wss scheme.");
- }
- }
-
- //如果WebSocket使用了SSL,也就是wss,那么初始化对应的sslContext
- private static void initSslContext(String scheme) throws Exception {
- boolean enableSSL = WSS_SCHEME.equals(scheme);
- if (enableSSL) {
- sslContext = SslContextBuilder.forClient().trustManager(InsecureTrustManagerFactory.INSTANCE).build();
- } else {
- sslContext = null;
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 (8)运营客户端连接PushServer- public class OperationNettyClient {
- private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(OperationNettyClient.class);
- private static final String WEB_SOCKET_SCHEME = "ws";
- private static final String WSS_SCHEME = "wss";
- private static final String LOCAL_HOST = "127.0.0.1";
- private static final String PUSH_SERVER_URI = System.getProperty("url", "ws://127.0.0.1:8998/push");
- private static final String INPUT_MESSAGE_QUIT = "quit";
- private static final String INPUT_MESSAGE_CLOSE = "close";
- private static final String INPUT_MESSAGE_PING = "ping";
- private static URI uri;
- private static String scheme;
- private static String host;
- private static int port;
- private static SslContext sslContext;
- private EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup;
- public Channel start() throws Exception {
- logger.info("Operation Netty Client is connecting.");
- eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
- WebSocketClientHandshaker webSocketClientHandshaker = WebSocketClientHandshakerFactory.newHandshaker(uri, WebSocketVersion.V13, null, true, new DefaultHttpHeaders());
- final OperationNettyClientHandler operationNettyClientHandler = new OperationNettyClientHandler(webSocketClientHandshaker);
- Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
- bootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup)
- .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
- .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
- protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
- ChannelPipeline channelPipeline = ch.pipeline();
- if (sslContext != null) {
- channelPipeline.addLast(sslContext.newHandler(ch.alloc(), host, port));
- }
- channelPipeline.addLast(new HttpClientCodec())
- .addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(65536))
- .addLast(WebSocketClientCompressionHandler.INSTANCE)
- .addLast(operationNettyClientHandler);
- }
- });
- Channel channel = bootstrap.connect(uri.getHost(), port).sync().channel();
- logger.info("Operation Netty Client connected to push server.");
- operationNettyClientHandler.channelFuture().sync();
- return channel;
- }
-
- public void shutdownGracefully() {
- eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- }
-
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- uri = new URI(PUSH_SERVER_URI);
- scheme = getScheme(uri);
- host = getHost(uri);
- port = getPort(uri, scheme);
- checkScheme(scheme);
- initSslContext(scheme);
- OperationNettyClient operationNettyClient = new OperationNettyClient();
- try {
- Channel channel = operationNettyClient.start();
- } finally {
- operationNettyClient.shutdownGracefully();
- }
- }
- ...
- }
复制代码 (9)运营客户端的Handler处理器- public class OperationNettyClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {
- private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(OperationNettyClientHandler.class);
- private WebSocketClientHandshaker webSocketClientHandshaker;
- private ChannelFuture channelFuture;
- public OperationNettyClientHandler(WebSocketClientHandshaker webSocketClientHandshaker) {
- this.webSocketClientHandshaker = webSocketClientHandshaker;
- }
-
- public ChannelFuture channelFuture() {
- return channelFuture;
- }
-
- @Override
- public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- channelFuture = ctx.newPromise();
- }
-
- @Override
- public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- webSocketClientHandshaker.handshake(ctx.channel());
- logger.info("Operation Netty Client send WebSocket handshake request.");
- }
-
- @Override
- public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- logger.info("netty client disconnected.");
- }
-
- protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
- Channel channel = ctx.channel();
- if (!webSocketClientHandshaker.isHandshakeComplete()) {
- try {
- webSocketClientHandshaker.finishHandshake(channel, (FullHttpResponse) msg);
- logger.info("Netty Client connected.");
- ((ChannelPromise)channelFuture).setSuccess();
- } catch(WebSocketHandshakeException e) {
- logger.error("WebSocket handshake failed.", e);
- ((ChannelPromise)channelFuture).setFailure(e);
- }
- return;
- }
- if (msg instanceof FullHttpResponse) {
- FullHttpResponse response = (FullHttpResponse) msg;
- throw new IllegalStateException("Not Supported HTTP Response.");
- }
- WebSocketFrame webSocketFrame = (WebSocketFrame) msg;
- if (webSocketFrame instanceof TextWebSocketFrame) {
- TextWebSocketFrame textWebSocketFrame = (TextWebSocketFrame) webSocketFrame;
- logger.info("Receives text frame: " + textWebSocketFrame.text());
- } else if(webSocketFrame instanceof PongWebSocketFrame) {
- logger.info("Receives pong frame: " + webSocketFrame);
- } else if(webSocketFrame instanceof CloseWebSocketFrame) {
- logger.info("Receives close WebSocket frame, Netty Client is closing.");
- channel.close();
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
- logger.error("Operation Netty client handler exception caught.", cause);
- if (!channelFuture.isDone()) {
- ((ChannelPromise)channelFuture).setFailure(cause);
- }
- ctx.close();
- }
- }
复制代码 (10)运营客户端发送推送消息- public class OperationNettyClient {
- ...
- public void waitInputMessage(Channel channel) throws Exception {
- BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
- while(true) {
- logger.info("Wait for input message.");
- String message = bufferedReader.readLine();
- if (INPUT_MESSAGE_QUIT.equals(message)) {
- break;
- } else if(INPUT_MESSAGE_CLOSE.equals(message)) {
- channel.writeAndFlush(new CloseWebSocketFrame());
- channel.closeFuture().sync();
- break;
- } else if(INPUT_MESSAGE_PING.equals(message)) {
- WebSocketFrame webSocketFrame = new PingWebSocketFrame(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(new byte[] {8, 1, 8, 1}));
- channel.writeAndFlush(webSocketFrame);
- } else {
- WebSocketFrame webSocketFrame = new TextWebSocketFrame(message);
- channel.writeAndFlush(webSocketFrame);
- }
- }
- }
-
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- uri = new URI(PUSH_SERVER_URI);
- scheme = getScheme(uri);
- host = getHost(uri);
- port = getPort(uri, scheme);
-
- checkScheme(scheme);
- initSslContext(scheme);
-
- OperationNettyClient operationNettyClient = new OperationNettyClient();
- try {
- Channel channel = operationNettyClient.start();
- //运营客户端发送消息入口
- operationNettyClient.waitInputMessage(channel);
- } finally {
- operationNettyClient.shutdownGracefully();
- }
- }
- ...
- }
复制代码 (11)浏览器客户端接收推送消息- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <html lang="en">
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
- <title>websocket网页</title>
- </head>
- <body onload="connectServer();">
-
- </body>
- </html>
复制代码
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