前言
最近AI小智对话机器人实在是太火了,于是我就把我之前的一个吃灰的安卓桌面机器人给拿出来玩了,我想着基于安卓的系统开发一些自己的软件操作它,我翻了下官方文档也是有提供SDK的,于是我就开始了这个开发尝试。机器人本身是有丰富的传感器,也有完整的麦克风摄像头可以用,那做个会动的小智机器人刚刚好,第一步肯定是先让它能够按我的操作动起来。
这个过程虽然有一些小坑,但最终成功实现了完整的硬件控制功能。今天就来分享一下这次Android库绑定的完整经历,希望能帮助到有类似需求的小伙伴们。
问题解答
Q: 为什么选择.NET MAUI来进行开发?
A: .NET MAUI本身是支持跨平台开发的,这是选择它的主要原因之一。还有就是我之前比较熟悉WinUI开发,对xaml的语法也算是比较熟悉,当然跨平台还有Avalonia UI,这个社区活跃度比.NET MAUI还高,但是由于MAUI能够满足我的需求,暂时还没尝试这个框架,大家有兴趣的可以试试它。
名词解释
- .NET MAUI:.NET 多平台应用 UI (.NET MAUI) 是一个跨平台框架,用于使用 C# 和 XAML 创建本机移动和桌面应用。使用 .NET MAUI,可以从单个共享代码库开发可在 Android、iOS、macOS 和 Windows 上运行的应用。
准备工作
在开始编码之前,我们需要准备以下环境:
软件环境
- Visual Studio 2022
- .NET 9 SDK
- Visual Studio 2022要安装MAUI的工作负载,并且记得创建安卓虚拟机。
项目背景
这次要集成的是一个机器人控制SDK(RobotSDK),它以AAR格式提供,包含了机器人的运动控制、传感器监听、表情控制、语音播放等功能。我们的目标是在.NET MAUI应用中使用这些原生功能,实现跨平台的机器人控制应用。
技术选型和架构设计
整体架构
核心技术栈
- .NET 9.0 MAUI - 跨平台UI框架
- Android Binding Library - AAR库绑定
- Dependency Injection - 服务注册和平台特定实现
- MVVM模式 - 数据绑定和状态管理
第一步:创建Android绑定库项目
官方参考文档如下:
Binding a Java library
首先创建一个专门的Android绑定库项目来包装原生AAR文件:
使用下面的指令进行项目的创建- dotnet new android-bindinglib
复制代码- <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><PropertyGroup>
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><TargetFramework>net9.0-android</TargetFramework>
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><Nullable>enable</Nullable>
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><SupportedOSPlatformVersion>24.0</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup></PropertyGroup>
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup>
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup></ItemGroup>
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup>
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><TransformFile Include="Transforms\Metadata.xml" />
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><TransformFile Include="Transforms\EnumFields.xml" />
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><TransformFile Include="Transforms\EnumMethods.xml" />
- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup></ItemGroup>
- </Project>
复制代码 关键配置说明
- 目标框架:使用net9.0-android确保与MAUI项目兼容
- 最低Android版本:设置为API 24,确保设备兼容性
- AAR文件引用:通过AndroidLibrary引用原生库文件
- 转换文件:用于处理Java到C#的类型映射
第二步:处理绑定过程中的常见问题
在绑定过程中,经常会遇到一些类型映射和命名冲突问题,这时候就需要用到Transforms文件夹中的配置文件:
由于目前的项目比较简单,这部分的映射文件我就使用了项目默认生成的了。
大家有需要可以看官方文档的一些注意事项。
自定义绑定
第三步:设计服务接口和平台实现
为了保证代码的可测试性和平台兼容性,我设计了一套清晰的服务接口:
服务接口定义
Android平台实现的核心要点
回调桥接的巧妙设计
为了将Java回调转换为C#事件,我设计了一个回调桥接类:第四步:MAUI项目集成和依赖注入配置
项目引用配置
在MAUI项目的csproj文件中,需要有条件地引用Android绑定库:- <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>
复制代码 服务注册和平台特定实现
在MauiProgram.cs中配置依赖注入:为什么要有Default实现?
创建DefaultRobotControlService是一个很重要的设计决策:- public class DefaultRobotControlService : IRobotControlService{<ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>private readonly ILogger _logger;<ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>public bool IsServiceAvailable => false;<ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>public Task InitializeAsync()<ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>{<ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>_logger.LogWarning("机器人控制服务仅在Android平台可用");<ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>return Task.FromResult(false);<ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>}<ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>public Task MoveForwardAsync(int speed = 3, int steps = 1)<ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>{<ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>_logger.LogWarning("动作控制仅在Android平台可用");<ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>return Task.CompletedTask;<ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>}<ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup><ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'android'">
- <ProjectReference Include="..\RobotSDK.Android.Binding\RobotSDK.Android.Binding.csproj" />
- </ItemGroup>// ... 其他方法的空实现}
复制代码 这样做的好处:
- 开发效率:可以在Windows上进行UI开发和测试
- 代码安全:避免运行时出现服务注册失败
- 团队协作:团队成员无需Android设备即可进行开发
第五步:UI设计和圆形屏幕适配
考虑到目标设备是圆形屏幕的机器人,UI设计也做了特殊适配:这种设计的特点:
- 圆形适配:所有内容都在圆形区域内显示
- 分页滚动:采用"冰糖葫芦"式的垂直分页
- 视觉层次:使用深色主题和圆角设计
- 响应式布局:自动适配不同屏幕尺寸
总结感悟
在调试的时候遇到一个小坑,明明代码是根据机器人官方的SDK文档进行的初始化,但是不生效,机器人的舵机就是动不了,后面发现是因为代码要加一些延时,不然机器反应不过来就控制不了了。后来想想不同类别的开发,思考问题的角度还是不太一样。
AI发展速度真的是太快了,这个项目我是自己通过调试简单的代码,然后通过让AI反编译aar的文件,最后整理了一些文档,再让AI根据整理的文档实现的代码是很详细了,节省了大量的时间,感觉有了AI效率提高很多了,你们对AI写代码是怎么看待的,欢迎评论区讨论讨论。
希望这篇文章能够为大家在.NET MAUI项目中集成Android原生库提供一些参考和帮助。如果在实践过程中遇到问题,欢迎在评论区交流讨论!
参考资料
- Binding a Java library
- Microsoft Docs - Binding Android Libraries
- .NET MAUI Documentation
- Android AAR Format Specification
- 示例代码
- 自定义绑定
本文示例代码已上传至GitHub,欢迎大家参考学习。如果觉得有帮助,请给个Star支持一下!
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